Reaction Heat Energy Calculator

Draw or enter molecules, then compute ΔH

Bond Energy Estimation

Structure Editor

Draw a structure above, or type SMILES directly. Click "Get" to extract SMILES from the drawing.

Reaction Scheme

Reactants

  • Add molecules as reactants

Products

  • Add molecules as products

How to Use

1. Enter Molecules

Draw a molecule in the structure editor on the left panel, or type a SMILES string directly.

2. Add Reactants and Products

After entering a SMILES, click "+ Reactant" or "+ Product" to add it. Adjust stoichiometric coefficients using the number input next to each molecule.

3. Calculate

The "Calculate ΔH" button activates when at least one reactant and one product are present. It computes:

4. Export Results

Click "Export CSV" below the results to download all data as a CSV file.

If atom counts or charges are unbalanced between reactants and products, a warning is shown. Please set the correct stoichiometric coefficients.

Calculation Methods

Method 1: Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE) + Corrections

The total bond energy of each molecule is summed, and ΔH is calculated from the difference between reactants and products.

ΔH = Σ(bond energies of reactants) − Σ(bond energies of products)

ΔH < 0 indicates an exothermic reaction (bond formation exceeds bond breaking); ΔH > 0 is endothermic.

BDE Corrections

CorrectionDescriptionValue
Ring strain Small rings have weakened bonds due to angle strain; subtracted from bond energy 3-membered: 115 kJ/mol, 4-membered: 109 kJ/mol, 5-membered: 26 kJ/mol
Aromatic stabilization Aromatic rings have strengthened bonds due to resonance; added to bond energy 150 kJ/mol per 6-membered aromatic ring

Supported Bonds (BDE Method)

Supports single, double, and triple bonds between the following elements:

ElementBond Partners
HH, B, C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, Si, P
CC, N, O, S, Se, F, Cl, Br, I, Si, P (single/double/triple)
NN, O, F, Cl, Si, S, P (single/double/triple)
OO, F, Cl, Si, S, P (single/double)
SS, F, Cl (single/double)
BH, C, N, O, F, Cl, B

Method 2: Benson Group Additivity

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) of each molecule is calculated as a sum of group contributions, then ΔH is derived from:

ΔHf°(molecule) = Σ(group contributions) + ring correction
ΔHrxn = ΣΔHf°(products) − ΣΔHf°(reactants)

Groups are classified by the central atom type and its neighbors. For example, ethane (CH3-CH3) has two C-(C)(H)3 groups.

Supported Center Atom Types (Benson)

SymbolMeaningExample
Csp3 carbonAlkanes, alcohols, halides
Cdsp2 carbon (C=C)Alkenes, vinyl ethers
CbAromatic carbonBenzene ring
COCarbonyl carbon (C=O)Aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides
Ctsp carbon (C≡C)Alkynes
CNNitrile carbon (C≡N)Nitriles
OOxygenAlcohols, ethers, esters
NNitrogenAmines, amides, nitro groups
SSulfurThiols, thioethers, disulfides
SiSiliconSilanes, siloxanes

Supported Functional Groups

CategoryFunctional Groups
HydrocarbonsAlkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, dienes, fused rings
OxygenAlcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, phenols
NitrogenPrimary/secondary/tertiary amines, amides, nitriles, nitro (alkyl/aryl), aromatic amines
SulfurThiols, thioethers, disulfides, thioesters
HalogensAlkyl fluorides/chlorides/bromides/iodides, aryl halides, polyhalogenated
SiliconSilanes, alkylsilanes, siloxanes (Si-O-Si), alkoxysilanes

Ring Corrections

Ring TypeCorrection (kJ/mol)
3-membered (cyclopropane, etc.)+115.5
4-membered (cyclobutane, etc.)+109.2
5-membered (cyclopentane, etc.)+26.4
6-membered (cyclohexane, etc.)0.0
Pyridine+6.7
Furan+27.6
Thiophene+19.2
Pyrrole+14.2

Known ΔHf° Database

The following representative molecules use literature ΔHf°(gas) values directly for higher accuracy:

CategoryMolecules
Basic gasesH2, O2, N2, H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, NH3, HCN, H2S
HalogensF2, Cl2, Br2, I2, HF, HCl, HBr, HI
AlkanesEthane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, isobutane, cyclohexane
UnsaturatedEthylene, propylene, isobutylene, styrene, acetylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, naphthalene
Oxygen-containingMethanol, ethanol, IPA, t-BuOH, diethyl ether, THF, acetone, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, benzoic acid, glycerol
Nitrogen-containingMethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, aniline, N-methylacetamide, urea, pyridine, pyrrole
Sulfur-containingMethanethiol, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, thiophene, DMSO
HalogenatedDCM, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, fluoromethane, chlorobenzene, bromomethane
Silicon-containingTetramethylsilane (TMS)

Entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

In the Benson method, group entropy contributions S° are summed to calculate reaction entropy.

ΔSrxn = ΣS°(products) − ΣS°(reactants)
ΔGrxn = ΔHrxn − T × ΔSrxn   (T = 298.15 K)

ΔG < 0 means the reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous (equilibrium favors products). Note that ΔH < 0 does not guarantee spontaneity if ΔS is significantly negative.

Liquid Phase Correction

All calculations are based on the gas phase, but built-in ΔHvap data for common solvents and reagents enables liquid-phase ΔH estimation.

ΔH(liquid) = ΔH(gas) − [ΣΔHvap(products) − ΣΔHvap(reactants)]

Displayed only when ΔHvap data is available for all molecules. Does not include solvation effects.

CSV Export

The "Export CSV" button downloads the following data:

Accuracy and Limitations

MethodAccuracyStrengthsLimitations
BDE method ±20–50 kJ/mol Applicable to almost all molecules; intuitive Bond rearrangements may cancel out. Ignores environmental effects
Benson method ±5–15 kJ/mol High accuracy; entropy calculation available Requires supported groups. Cannot calculate unsupported functional groups
Disclaimer: This tool provides approximate values only. For safety evaluation, process design, or scale-up decisions, always use experimentally measured data (e.g., DSC) and reliable literature values. Expert risk assessment is essential for reactions with large exothermic ΔH.